9 Items That Are Illegal to ‘Throw Away’ in Iowa & Could Cost You

As the holiday season approaches, many of us (including me) have begun the annual ritual of decluttering our homes to make space for decorations, gifts, and family gatherings. It’s the perfect time to tidy up closets, clear out garages, and refresh living spaces for the festive season ahead. However, in the rush to declutter, it’s important to remember that not everything can simply be tossed in the trash. Some items require special handling due to their hazardous materials or environmental impact. To ensure you’re disposing of things responsibly, here's a list of items that are illegal to throw away in Iowa, why they must be handled with care, and what happens if you're caught being naughty.

9) Electronics (E-Waste):

Items like televisions, computers, and cell phones contain hazardous materials, including lead, mercury, and cadmium. These can leach into soil and groundwater if landfilled, so Iowa law requires recycling of these items to prevent environmental contamination. Fines typically range from $100 to $500 for individual violations.

8) Batteries:

Lead-acid batteries (e.g., car batteries) and rechargeable batteries contain heavy metals that are harmful to the environment. These should be taken to recycling facilities because improper disposal can cause toxic materials to seep into groundwater or contribute to fires at landfills. Disposing of these improperly can lead to penalties of up to $25 per battery and potential environmental cleanup costs if contamination occurs. If a lithium-ion battery causes a fire (becoming more common) fines and fees may rise exponentially.

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7) Paints and Paint Thinners:

Oil-based paints, paint thinners, and related chemicals are considered household hazardous waste in Iowa due to their toxic components. They cannot be disposed of in regular trash because they can pollute water sources and pose health risks. Individual fines can range from $100 to $500. Larger organizations or businesses could face fines ranging from $10,000 to $37,500 per day based on the severity of the violation.

6) Pesticides and Herbicides:

These contain chemicals harmful to both humans and the environment. Improper disposal can contaminate water supplies and harm wildlife, so Iowa requires special drop-off programs for safe disposal. Penalties may include fines of up to $10,000 per day, especially for larger-scale dumping or contamination that impacts public health or the environment.

5) Motor Oil, Filters, & Anti-Freeze:

Used motor oil and oil filters must be recycled, as they contain pollutants like hydrocarbons and heavy metals that can severely damage ecosystems if discarded in landfills. Again, penalties may include fines of up to $10,000 per day, especially for larger-scale dumping or contamination that impacts public health or the environment.

4) Fluorescent Bulbs:

These contain mercury, which is a neurotoxin. If broken in a landfill, mercury can vaporize and contaminate air and water, so fluorescent bulbs must be recycled or disposed of through special programs. Individuals typically face fines ranging from $100 to $500, depending on local ordinances. Businesses and larger institutions are subject to stricter enforcement. The EPA (under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA) can issue fines of up to $37,500 per violation, per day for improper disposal of hazardous materials like mercury-containing bulbs.

3) Tires:

Tires are banned from landfills because they take up too much space, can trap methane gases, and create fire hazards. They must be recycled at approved facilities. Violators may face fines ranging from $200 to $1,000, depending on the number of tires improperly disposed of. Repeat offenders may face higher penalties.

2) Appliances (White Goods):

Items like refrigerators, air conditioners, and ovens contain hazardous materials like refrigerants and PCBs. They must be properly recycled to ensure the safe disposal of these toxic substances. Improper disposal of refrigerants is a violation of federal laws (Clean Air Act) and can result in penalties of up to $37,500 per day for noncompliance.

1) Pharmaceuticals:

Disposing of medications through the regular trash or flushing them down the toilet can contaminate water systems. Iowa recommends using drug take-back programs to ensure safe disposal. While not heavily fined at the individual level, state or local health authorities may impose fines for large-scale violations or negligence by institutions.

So, as you go to declutter this fall, remember, what you throw out could come back to haunt in the form of a hefty fine. To avoid legal and environmental consequences, take advantage of Iowa’s numerous recycling programs and hazardous waste collection events. These programs make it easy to safely dispose of items that could otherwise harm the environment. By staying informed and disposing of these items correctly, you’ll keep your home tidy, help protect Iowa’s natural resources, AND keep that cash in your wallet for the upcoming holiday expenses.