Illinois DNR Investigating Dozens of Highly Pathogenic Bird Flu Deaths

The Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) is urging the public to remain aware and watchful after dozens of waterbirds, primarily snow geese, have died of suspected Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) at Baldwin Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area in Randolph County. As migratory birds make their way south for the winter, experts have warned that similar die-offs could occur across the state.

HPAI, often called “bird flu,” is a highly contagious disease that spreads quickly among wild birds and domestic poultry. Waterfowl such as ducks, geese, and shorebirds often carry the virus without appearing sick, but for domestic birds like chickens and turkeys, it can be deadly.

To help track the spread of the virus, IDNR is asking residents to report any mortality events involving five or more dead waterbirds found in one location. Reports can be submitted online to a local IDNR district wildlife biologist.

The Illinois DNR encourages everyone to take precautions when handling these dead birds. Rubber gloves and a mask should be worn, and carcasses should be double-bagged in sealed plastic bags. People can either bury the bags away from scavengers or dispose of them in the trash—pending approval from their local waste provider. Afterward, hands, clothes, and tools should be washed thoroughly with soap and water. It's important to be very careful as HPAI has the potential to spread to humans.

Get our free mobile app

Precautions for Hunters and Bird Owners

Waterfowl hunters, in particular, are urged to stay cautious:

• Do not handle birds that appear sick or are already dead.
• Always wear disposable gloves when dressing game birds, and wash hands immediately afterward.
• Keep cleaning areas and tools separate from places where poultry or pet birds are kept.
• Use a disinfectant, such as a chlorine solution (1/3 cup bleach per gallon of water), on tools and surfaces after cleaning game.
• Most importantly, cook all game meat to an internal temperature of 165°F to kill any harmful viruses or bacteria.

Those who raise poultry or keep pet birds should also limit their exposure to wild birds and clean bird feeders regularly. HPAI spreads through bird-to-bird contact, contaminated surfaces, and even human clothing or shoes, so extra precautions are critical.

What is Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)?

HPAI is caused by influenza A viruses and is classified by two types of proteins—hemagglutinin (“H”) and neuraminidase (“N”)—found on the virus's surface. Some strains are relatively mild, but the “highly pathogenic” variety can decimate domestic poultry flocks. While wild birds often carry the virus without obvious symptoms, HPAI poses a significant threat to the poultry industry and local wildlife. Efforts to contain the virus are essential to protecting both bird populations and the state’s agricultural economy.

Minimizing the Risk

IDNR reminds everyone—hunters, birdwatchers, and pet owners—that the risk of humans contracting bird flu remains low, but is possible. That being said, it’s a good idea to take precautions:

• Avoid touching wild birds, especially those that appear sick or are dead.
• Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling game birds.
• Keep uncooked game meat separate from cooked or ready-to-eat foods.

IDNR, in partnership with the Illinois Department of Agriculture and federal agencies, has been monitoring HPAI in Illinois since March 2022 when it was first detected in wild Canada geese. Officials say they need the public's help to report cases, especially during peak migration seasons when birds congregate in large numbers and spread can be devastating and severe. If you see multiple dead birds—particularly waterfowl—do your part by reporting it to IDNR and avoiding direct contact.

As migratory birds make their seasonal journey, the department hopes public awareness and caution will help limit the impact of this year’s bird flu outbreak. By staying alert and informed, Illinois and Tri-State residents can help protect the local areas wildlife, poultry industry, and themselves from the effects of this highly contagious disease.